|
|
Fast, Accurate and Economic Solution for Scientific Discoveries
T.3296-3159 F.973-2858 info@biomaxkorea.com
|
|
|
|
Aminoalkanethiols
Aminoalkanethiols are
utilized for the modification of a gold surface to introduce amino groups on it.
The amino group is usually modified using amine-reactive materials, such as
proteins or biomaterials, to functionalize the gold surface. Several researchers
have reported SAMs of short alkyl chain aminoalkanethiols, and there are an
increasing number of reports of long alkyl chain compounds. Takahara and others
formed a monolayer of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol on a gold electrode and studied
the effect of the terminal groups on the redox responses of ferrocene
derivatives using voltammetric method. They also reported the relationship
between the alkyl chain length of aminoalkanethiols and the redox behavior of
2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphtoquinone attached to the terminal amino group. Tanahashi
and co-workers modified a gold surface with SAMs of several kinds of
functionalized alkanethiols. They reported the effect of their terminal
functional groups on apatite formation in a simulated body fluid using X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurement and quartz crystal microbalance
(QCM) method.
11-Amino-1-undecanethiol, hydrochloride is also referred to as
11-Mercaptoundecylamine (MUAM) in some papers.
How to Prepare SAM
1. Soak a gold-coated glass plate in Piranha solutiona) for 10-15 min. Wash the plate with purified
water.a)
2. Dissolve aminoalkanethiol
compound in ethanol to prepare several mM to 1 mM solution.
3. Soak the
plate in the aminoalkanethiol solution for certain time period.b)
4. Wash the SAM-coated plate with ethanol and
then water.
5. Dry the plate under nitrogen atmosphere, if necessary.
a) Piranha solution: sulfuric acid and 30% hydrogen
peroxide, 3:1. Piranha solution is a strong oxidizing agent. Extreme care is
necessary when using it. Do not apply Piranha solution to resin-coated plates;
it may erode the resin.
b) To prepare a SAM-coated plate with best
performance, aminoalkanethiol concentration and soaking time should be
individually determined.
Application of SAM-Preparation of DNA
Array
1. Use SF10 glass slides (Schott Glass Technologies) coated with 5
nm chromium and 45 nm gold thin film.
2. Soak the glass slide in a 100 µM
1-octadecanethiol (ODT)/ethanol solution overnight to prepare ODT SAM-coated
slide.
3. Draw 500 mm x 500 mm patterns on the ODT SAM-coated slide by UV
irradiation with a Hg-Xe arc lamp.a)
4. Soak
the slide in a 1 mM 11-amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT)/ethanol solution for 2 hours
to form AUT SAM on the 500 mm x 500 mm photo-patterned area.
5. Drop 2 mM
SPDP solutionb) onto the slide and leave the
slide at room temperature.
6. Wash the slide and dry under nitrogen
atmosphere.
7. Apply 1 mM thiol-DNA solutionc) to each 500 mm x 500 mm pattern and incubate at
room temperature overnight.
8. Incubate the slide with a sample solution for
10 min and wash with phosphate buffer, followed by SPR imaging.
a) Irradiation time: 1-1.5 hours
b) SPDP: N-succinimidyl
3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. Dissolve SPDP in DMSO to prepare 50 mM solution.
Dilute it 25 times with 100 mM triethanolaminebuffer, pH 7.0.
c) Dissolve
thiol-DNA with 100 mM triethanolamine buffer, pH 8.0.
DNA
Array Preparation Scheme
Product Name: 11-Amino-1-undecanethiol, hydrochloride
Product Code: A423-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: A423-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 11-Amino-1-undecanethiol, hydrochloride
Appearance: white or slightly yellow crystalline powder
Purity:
> 90.0% (HPLC, derivatization)
Product Name: 6-Amino-1-hexanethiol,
hydrochloride
Product Code: A425-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: A425-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 6-Amino-1-hexanethiol, hydrochloride
Appearance: white or slightly red crystalline powder
Purity:
>90.0% (HPLC, derivatization)/ Packaged in nitrogen
gas
Product Name: 8-Amino-1-octanethiol,
hydrochloride
Product Code: A424-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: A424-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 8-Amino-1-octanethiol, hydrochloride
Appearance: white or slightly red crystalline powder
Purity:
>90.0% (HPLC, derivatization)
Product Name: Dithiobis(C2-NTA)
Product Code: D550-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: D550-12 Unit: 50 mg
Description:
Chemical Name:
3,3'-Dithiobis[N-(5amino-5-carboxypentyl)prpionamide-N,N'-diacetic acide]
dihydrochloride
Appearance: white or slightly yellow powder
Purity: >95%
(Titration)
Dithiobis(C2-NTA)
is utilized for the modification of a gold surface to introduce NTA groups that
can bind most heavy metal ions. It forms SAMs similar to the other alkanethiols.
The SAMs prepared using Dithiobis(C2-NTA) are
highly unidirectional due to its alkyl chain interactions. Ni(II)-NTA chelates
are commonly used for Histidine-tagged (His-tag) protein purification or
separation. Therefore, Ni(II)-NTA-coated gold can be used for His-tag protein
analyses. Dithiobis(C2-NTA) is soluble in water
and alcohol. It is also referred to as disulfide-NTA in some papers.
>top
Carboxyalkyldisulfides
Carboxyalkyldisulfides are oxidized carboxyalkanethiols. They form SAMs
similar to the carboxyalkanethiols, but they are more stable than thiols.
Kanayama and others formed SAMs of 4,4·dithiodibutyric acid on gold colloids or
gold electrodes, and introduced phenylboronic acid moieties to its terminus.
They succeeded in recognizing various sugars by surface-enhanced Raman
spectroscopy (SERS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) using these SAMs. Takagi and
coworkers fixed dinitrophenyl (DNP) groups on carboxyalkyl-disulfide SAMs. They
detected an anti-DNP antibody by electrical impedance measurement. This
technique could be applied to impedimetric sensing of proteins. Delamarche and
his coworkers fabricated 10-carboxydecyl disulfide SAMs on a gold substrate and
introduced a photoactivatable benzophenone moiety to the termini. After
attaching a protein (IgG), it was tested by a variety of characterization
techniques (including ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM).
Product Name: 10-Carboxydecyl
disulfide
Product Code: C404-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: C404-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 10-Carboxydecyl
disulfide11,11'-Dithiodiundecanoic acid
Appearance: white powder
Purity: > 97.0% (HPLC)
Product Name: 4,4'-Dithiodibutyric
acid
Product Code: D524-10 Unit: 500 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 4,4'-Dithiodibutyric acid
Appearance: white powder
Purity: > 97.0% (HPLC)
Product Name: 5-Carboxypentyl
disulfide
Product Code: C406-10 Unit: 10 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 5-Carboxypentyl disulfide6,6'-Dithiodihexanoic
acid
Appearance: white powder
Purity: > 97.0%
(HPLC)
Product Name: 7-Carboxyheptyl
disulfide
Product Code: C405-10 Unit: 10 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 7-Carboxyheptyl disulfide8,8'-Dithiodioctanoic
acid
Appearance: white powder
Purity: > 97.0% (HPLC)
>top
Carboxyalkanethiols
Carboxyalkanethiols are
utilized for the modification of a gold surface to introduce carboxylic groups
on it. The carboxylic group is often converted to activated N-hydroxysuccinimide
ester which reacts with an amine group of biomaterials. Glenn and coworkers used
carboxyalkanethiol and poly-L-lysine to create an immobilized cytochrome b5
multilayer electrode. Mizutani and others fabricated immobilized glucose oxidase
multilayer electrodes in a similar manner. Both groups reported electron
transfer from biomaterials to a gold surface. These kinds of multilayer film
electrodes are well suited for studies of diffusion electron transfer. Fricsbie
and others developed a new method, chemical force microscopy, for obtaining the
adhesive interactions and the friction image of patterned sample surfaces. They
used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the interactions and spatial
mapping of chemically distinct functional groups. They formed carboxyalkanethiol
monolayers on the gold surfaces of AFM cantilever tips. They used AFM to measure
the adhesive and friction forces between molecularly modified probe tips and
organic monolayers terminating in a lithographically-defined pattern of distinct
functional groups.
Product Name: 10-Carboxy-1-decanethiol
Product Code: C385-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: C385-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 10-Caroboxy-1-decanethiol
Appearance: white or slightly yellow powder
Purity: > 97.0%
(HPLC)
Packaged in nitrogen gas
Product Name: 5-Carboxy-1-pentanethiol
Product Code: C387-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: C387-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 5-Carboxy-1-pentanethiol
Appearance: colorless or slightly yellow liquid
b.p. : 136-138
ºC/ 4 mm Hg
Purity: >97.0% (HPLC)
Packaged in nitrogen gas
Product Name: 7-Carboxy-1-heptanethiol
Product Code: C386-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: C386-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 7-Carboxy-1-heptanethiol
Appearance: colorless or slightly yellow liquid
b.p.: 156-158 ºC/
4 mm Hg
Purity: >97.0% (HPLC)
Packaged in nitrogen gas
>top
Ferrocenyl alkanethiols
Ferrocenyl alkanethiols are utilized for the
modification of gold surfaces to introduce electrochemically active molecules.
The modified gold surface can be utilized for the development of sensitive
electrochemical analyses. Rubin and others fabricated mixed SAMs of
aminoalkanethiols and ferrocenyl alkanethiols with various chain lengths on a
gold electrode surface. They immobilized glucose oxidase on aminoalkanethiol
sites and used ferrocenyl-alkanethiol sites as electron mediators. They reported
the relationship between electrical response and chain length of mixed SAMs.
Uosaki and coworkers reported the results of structural changes and the
number of absorbed ferrocenyl alkanethiols during redox reaction of
11-ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol SAMs on a gold electrode using Fourier transform
infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) and electrochemical
quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) method. They suggested the possibility of
orientation change of the monolayer during the redox reaction of the ferrocene
moiety. They also estimated this change using voltammograms and ellipsometry.
Product Name: 11-Ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol
Product Code: F246-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: F246-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 11-Ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol
Appearance: yellow or yellowish-orange solid
Purity:
>95%
Product Name: 6-Ferrocenyl-1-hexanethiol
Product Code: F269-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: F269-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 6-Ferrocenyl-1-hexanethiol
Appearance: yellow or yellowish-orange solid
Purity:
>95%
Product Name: 8-Ferrocenyl-1-octanethiol
Product Code: F247-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: F247-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 8-Ferrocenyl-1-octanethiol
Appearance: yellow or yellowish-orange solid
Purity:
>95%
>top
Hydroxyalkanethiols
Hydroxyalkanethiols are utilized as dilution
reagents on a gold surface to control the density of reactive groups, or as
blocking agents to prevent non-specific binding of analytes on the surface.
Herne and his coworkers fabricated mixed SAMs of thiol-derivatized
single-stranded DNA (HS-ss-DNA) and 6-hydroxy-1-hexanethiol on a gold surface
that prevented non-specific adsorption of HS-ss-DNA. Perez-Luna and others made
mixed SAMs of biotin-terminated thiol and 11-hydroxy-1-undecanethiol on a gold
surface. They prevented non-specific adsorption of wild type streptavidin and
streptavidin mutants. Dubrovsky and coworkers controlled the non-specific
adsorption of protein on the surface of gold-coated silicagel using
11-hydroxy-1-undecanethiol. They mentioned the usefulness of gold-coated silica
gel for the preparation of well-defined, surface-functionalized supports for
biological assay.
Product Name: 11-Hydroxy-1-undecanethiol
Product Code: H337-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: H337-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 11-Hydroxy-1-undecanethiol
Appearance: white or slightly yellow crystalline powder
Purity:
>98.0% (GC)
Product Name: 6-Hydroxy-1-hexanethiol
Product Code: H339-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: H339-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 6-Hydroxy-1-hexanethiol
Appearance: colorless or slightly yellow liquid
Purity: >98.0%
(GC)
Product Name: 8-Hydroxy-1-octanethiol
Product Code: H338-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: H338-12 Unit: 100 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: 8-Hydroxy-1-octanethiol
Appearance: colorless or slightly yellow liquid
Purity: >98.0%
(GC)
>top
Fmoc Aminoalkanethiols
Fmoc Aminoalkanethiols are compounds whose terminal
amino group is protected by an Fmoc-group. After adsorption of N-Fmoc
aminoalkanethiol onto a gold surface, the Fmoc-group can be removed to reproduce
the amino group under mild conditions, such as 30 min immersion in 20%
piperidine/acetonitrile. Brockman and coworkers protected the amino group of
11-amino-1-undecanethiol with the Fmoc group, after making
11-amino-1-undecanethiol SAMs, to fabricate DNA arrays with UV photopatterning
and a multistep chemical modification procedure. They then used these DNA arrays
to study protein-DNA interactions by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging.
N-Fmoc Aminoalkanethiols can be used in similar methods with short-steps.
The modification of a gold substrate with SAMs of N-Fmoc
aminoalkanethiols may be utilized to avoid amino group-gold surface interactions
and to develop a highly regulated sensor chip by photopatterning.
Preparation of Multi-Element DNA Array
Product Name: N-Fmoc-Aminohexanethiol
Product Code: F289-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: F289-12 Unit: 50 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: Fluoren-9-ylmethyl
N-(11-mercaptoundecyl)carbamate
Appearance: white or pale yellow powder
Purity: >97.0%
(HPLC)
Product Name: N-Fmoc-Aminooctanethiol
Product Code: F288-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: F288-12 Unit: 50 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: Fluoren-9-ylmethyl
N-(8-mercaptooctyl)carbamate
Appearance: white or pale yellow powder
Purity: >97.0%
(HPLC)
Product Name: N-Fmoc-Aminoundecanethiol
Product Code: F287-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: F287-12 Unit: 50 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: Fluoren-9-ylmethyl
N-(11-mercaptoundecyl)carbamate
Appearance: white or pale yellow powder
Purity: >97.0%
(HPLC)
>top
Succinimidyl ester-terminated alkyldisulfides
Succinimidyl ester-terminated alkyldisulfides are amine-reactive analogs
of carboxyalkyldisulfide. They are utilized for the modification of a gold
surface to introduce amine-reactive sites on the surface. It is possible to use
this technique for protein chips and various sensors. There is no need to use
coupling agents because these compounds are already activated. Wagner and others
characterized dithiobis(succinimidyl undecanoate) SAMs on a gold substrate by
scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), radiolabeling and in situ AFM imaging. The
densely packed and highly reactive surfaces allowed them to easily immobilize
amino acids and proteins.
Product Name: Dithiobis(succinimidyl
hexanoate)
Product Code: D539-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: D539-12 Unit: 50 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: Dithiobis(succinimidyl hexanoate)
Appearance: white powder
Purity: >90.0 percent (HPLC)
Product Name: Dithiobis(succinimidyl
octanoate)
Product Code: D538-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: D538-12 Unit: 50 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: Dithiobis(succinimidyl octanoate)
Appearance: white powder
Purity: >90.0 percent (HPLC)
Product Name: Dithiobis(succinimidyl
undecanoate)
Product Code: D537-10 Unit: 10 mg
Product Code: D537-12 Unit: 50 mg
Description:
Chemical Name: Dithiobis(succinimidyl undecanoate)
Appearance: white powder
Purity: >90.0 percent (HPLC)
>top
|
